A cross-sectional study on the personality traits of episodic and chronic migraine patients.

BACKGROUND: Migraine, is a common neurological disorder that may be associated with certain personality traits. This study aims to identify and compare the personality traits accompanying the clinical and sociodemographic profiles in migraine groups. METHODS: The study included a cohort of chronic, episodic migraine (CM - EM) and healthy controls (HC). Migraine was diagnosed according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders-3ß criteria. Age, gender, migraine-related disease duration, number of days with a headache each month, and headache intensity of the patients were recorded. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) was used to determine personality traits. RESULTS: The study groups were similar in terms of sociodemographic characteristics (70 CM, 70 EM, and 70 HC). The visual analog scale (VAS) score was significantly higher in CM (p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was found between the groups concerning symptoms of migraine such as osmophobia, photophobia, phonophobia, and nausea (p > 0.05). When the personality traits were examined, the mean scores of the MMPI test results of migraine patients were found to be higher than healthy controls in line personality disorders (p < 0.05 for all personality traits). In CM patients, the 'hysteria' score was found to be higher in subgroup evaluation (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: EM and CM patients had more evidence of personality disorders than healthy controls. CM patients had higher hysteria scores than EM patients. In addition to pain treatment, determining personality traits and providing appropriate management with a multidisciplinary approach can benefit both in terms of treatment, cost, and time.

Sleep quality impairments in schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder patients continue during periods of remission: a case-controlled study.

Objective: Bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia are chronic psychiatric disorders in which sleep disorders are commonly seen. In mental disorders, residual symptoms may persist even if symptoms are greatly reduced overall. The aim of this study was to compare the sleep quality of schizophrenia and BD patients in remission with that of healthy controls. Methods: Forty-three patients with schizophrenia, 46 BD patients in remission for at least 3 months, and 51 healthy controls were included the study. The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were administered to all participants and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was administered to patients with schizophrenia. Results: Poor sleep quality was more frequent in the patient groups than the control group (p=0.009). PSQI score was positively correlated with duration of disease (r=0.236; p=0.026), number of cigarettes smoked per day (r=0.430; p<0.001), body mass index (r=0.189; p=0.025), and negatively correlated with duration of remission (r=-0.224; p=0.0359). Conclusion: Schizophrenia and BD patients in remission had worse sleep quality than a control group. Sleep quality was worst in the patients with schizophrenia. The severity of sleep disorder symptoms was positively associated with disease duration and negatively associated with duration of remission. Schizophrenia and BD patients should be carefully evaluated for symptoms of sleep disorders even when they are in clinical remission and should be offered additional treatment for sleep disorder symptoms when necessary.

The effects of working and living conditions of physicians on burnout level and sleep quality.

BACKGROUND: Burnout is a multidimensional syndrome associated with intense working conditions and negative psychosocial factors in physicians. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of living and working conditions of physicians on burnout level and sleep quality in Turkey. METHODS: In this internet-based questionnaire study, 1053 physicians [General Practitioners (n=233); Basic Medical Sciences (n=26); Internal Medical Sciences (n=530), and Surgery Sciences (n=264)] were included in the study, filling the forms consisting of study conditions, Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questions. RESULTS: Negative occupational factors such as physicians having a night shift, high number of patients who are cared for daily, short examination period, low financial gain, exposure to violence, and mobbing were associated with poor sleep quality and burnout. Factors such as being subjected to violence, mobbing, and age are predictive of increasing burnout in women. Working on night shifts or being on-call were associated with all aspects of burnout. The proportion of those with poor sleep quality was significantly higher in those working night shifts (74.6%) than those working daytime shifts (67.2%) and those who were exposed to violence (75.1%) compared to those who were not exposed to violence (43.2%) (p=0.013, p<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Impaired sleep quality, violence, mobbing, young age, excessive night shifts, short examination period, and low income may play a role in physician burnout. Our study data suggest that it is important to improve physicians' unfavorable working conditions and to prevent violence against burnout.

The Relationship between Iodine and Selenium Levels with Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Euthyroid Nodular Goiter.

OBJECTIVES: Selenium and iodine are essential microelements for normal body functions. These two elements play important roles in thyroid metabolism. The potential relationship between thyroid diseases and mental disorders have been demonstrated. We aimed to investigate the relationship between selenium and iodine levels with anxiety and depression in patients with euthyroid nodular goiter (ENG). METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 102 consecutive patients with ENG who attended the endocrine outpatient clinic between January 2018 and June 2018. We noted the patient's demographics, thyroid ultrasound imaging, thyroid hormones, and urinary iodine concentration (UIC) results. We also obtained venous blood samples for serum selenium measurement. The same psychiatrist completed the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) for all participants. The study population was dichotomized according to the median values of selenium levels and UIC. RESULTS: BAI and HDRS scores were significantly higher in the low selenium group than the high selenium group (p = 0.032 and p = 0.042, respectively). BAI scores were significantly higher in the low UIC group than the high UIC group (p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Low selenium and UIC levels may contribute to the development of anxiety and depression, independent of thyroid functions, in patients with ENG. In these patients, selenium and iodine replacement may be useful for the prevention of anxiety and depression, especially in deficient regions.

Anxiety sensitivities, anxiety and depression levels, and personality traits of patients with chronic subjective tinnitus: a case-control study.

Objectives: Tinnitus is a condition that commonly affects individuals' daily activities. We aimed to evaluate the anxiety sensitivity, levels of anxiety and depression, and personality traits of patients with chronic subjective tinnitus.Methods: The study included 42 patients, who visited the Otorhinolaryngology Clinic, complained of having tinnitus for at least 1 year and did not have any previous peripheral vestibular diseases or psychiatric treatment history. Forty-five healthy individuals volunteered to be in the control group. We administered the Tinnitus-Severity-Index (TSI), Anxiety-Sensitivity-Index-3 (ASI-3), Beck-Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck-Depression-Inventory (BDI) and Eysenck-Personality- Questionnaire (EPQ) to the study participants.Results: The BDI score was significantly higher in the patient group. The ASI-3, EPQ, and BAI scores of the patients did not differ statistically. A positive correlation was found between the EPQ neuroticism subscale scores and the ASI-3, BDI, and BAI scores of the patient cases. There was also a positive correlation between the TSI scores and the BAI, ASI-3, and neuroticism scores of the tinnitus group.Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, few studies have evaluated anxiety sensitivity, anxiety and depression levels, and personality traits and no studies evaluating patients and controls together. In cases where tinnitus and psychiatric diseases are comorbid, both conditions should be treated to achieve the best outcomes for the patients' quality of life.KEY POINTSAlthough patients with tinnitus were selected among cases without any psychiatric treatment history, we found that depressive symptoms in this group were high.The participants' anxiety sensitivity, anxiety, and neuroticism scores increased as the severity of their tinnitus increased.The anxiety sensitivity, anxiety, and depressive scores increased along with the increase in the neuroticism scores of the patients with chronic subjective tinnitus.

The Relationship of Male Infertility with Somatosensory Amplification, Health Anxiety and Depression Levels.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between infertility and factors such as anxiety, health anxiety, depression, and somatosensory amplification in male patients presenting with infertility. METHODS: In this study, we evaluated 198 patients (infertile group: 130, control group: 68). Patients that fit the inclusion criteria were informed about the aim and method of the study and filled out sociodemographic data collection form, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), The Somatosensory Amplification Scale (SSAS), and Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI) questionnaires. RESULTS: The mean scores for SSAS, HAI, BAI, and BDI were significantly higher in the infertility group compared to the control group (p<0.001 for all comparisons). Moreover, the mean scores of the patients in the primary infertile group (n=107) were significantly higher than in the secondary infertile group (n=23) (p<0.05 for all comparisons). Logistic regression analysis revealed that infertility had a significant effect on age, HAI and BDI. CONCLUSION: Psychiatric evaluation of infertile patients may contribute to more efficient use of health services, may reduce the negative effects of anxiety and depression on fertility, and in turn, increase the success of infertility treatment. Therefore, we recommend that each patient presenting with infertility undergoes psychiatric evaluation as part of their treatment.

Assessment of sleep quality of patients with panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder during remission: a case-control study

Abstract Background Sleep disorders are common in psychiatric diseases. Panic disorder (PD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are two major anxiety disorders that are associated with sleep disorders. Objective We hypothesized that poor sleep quality continues in PD and GAD during remission. Therefore, in this study we aimed to compare the sleep quality of patients with PD and GAD to that of healthy controls. Methods The study included patients with PD (n = 42) and GAD (n = 40) who had been in remission for at least 3 months and healthy control volunteers (n = 45). The patients were administered the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Results The total PSQI scores of the GAD group were significantly increased in comparison to those of the PD (p = 0.009) and control (p < 0.001) groups. The rate of poor sleep quality in GAD during remission (77.5%) was greater than that of the PD (47.6%) and control (51.1%) groups (p = 0.011). Discussion GAD is a chronic and recurrent disease. In this study, it was found that the deterioration in sleep quality of patients with GAD may continue during remission. In the follow-up and treatment of patients, it is appropriate to question about sleep symptoms and to plan interventions according to these symptoms.

Cognitive impairment profile differences in patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures and epilepsy patients with generalized seizures.

Objective: This study aimed to compare cognitive skills in epilepsy patients and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) patients who have no history of frequent seizures to those of a healthy control group.Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2017 and June 2019 and included 103 epilepsy patients, 100 PNES patients, and 101 healthy controls, aged 18 to 60 years. Patients with fewer than 12 annual seizure episodes and no history of seizures during the last 30 days were added to the study. A sociodemographic data form, the Beck Anxiety and Depression Scales, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Digit Span test, and Stroop Color-Word Interference Test were used.Results: Compared to the control group, sub-component scores were significantly lower in naming, attention, abstract thinking, and delayed recall for the epilepsy and PNES groups. Sub-component scores in orientation, executive functioning, and delayed recall were significantly lower in the epilepsy group compared to the PNES group. Digits Backward subtest scores and total Digit Span test scores were significantly lower in the epilepsy and PNES groups. Patients in the epilepsy and PNES groups took longer to complete the Stroop test and made more errors and corrections compared to the healthy controls. There was a negative correlation between the duration of the disease and the total Digit Span score in the epilepsy group.Conclusion: These findings suggest that the epilepsy group showed reduced cognitive scores even though they did not suffer from frequent seizures and were not drug-resistant.

Evaluation of sleep quality in spouses of people with epilepsy.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the spouses of people with epilepsy with and without a history of seizures during sleep in terms of depression, anxiety, and sleep quality. METHODS AND MATERIALS: This prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in three groups of 18-55 year olds, who were at least primary school graduates. The 1st group consisted of healthy spouses of 30 healthy volunteers with age and sex matched with the other groups. The 2nd group comprised spouses of 30 people with epilepsy who had been married for at least one year and had no history of seizures during sleep. The 3rd group consisted of spouses of 30 people with epilepsy who had been married for at least one year and had a history of at least one seizure during sleep in the course of the previous year. The questionnaire including demographic data, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) was applied to all participants. RESULTS: The mean age of the 1st group was 35.07 ±â€¯8.33 years, that of the 2nd group was 36.47 ±â€¯7.63 years, and that of the 3rd group was 35.33 ±â€¯6.05 years. There was no significant age difference between the groups (p = 0.740). The depression scores of the 2nd and the 3rd groups were significantly higher than that of the 1st group (p < 0.001, for both). The anxiety scores of the 3rd group were significantly higher than those of the 1st and the 2nd groups (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). Thirty percent (n = 9) of the 1st group, 40% (n = 12) of the 2nd group, and 70% (n = 21) of the 3rd group had poor sleep quality. The sleep disorder rate in the 3rd group was significantly higher than in the 1st and the 2nd groups (p = 0.002 and p = 0.020, respectively). When the PSQI subscales were examined, the sleep quality, sleep latency, usual sleep efficiency, daytime dysfunction, and the total sleep total score were significantly higher in the 3rd group than the 1st and the 2nd groups. The patients in the third group had significantly higher scores of sleep duration, sleep disturbance, and sleep medication use than those in the 1st group. CONCLUSION: We found out that the PSQI score, which reflected the sleep quality, was poor in the spouses of people with epilepsy, who had seizures during sleep. To the best of our knowledge, these findings are the first in the literature on this subject.

Evaluation of body image, sexual dysfunctions and quality of life in female patients with generalized anxiety disorder

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to compare the patients with GAD in terms of SD, body perception and quality of life with healthy controls. Methods: The study included 41 female patients and 40 healthy female individuals with an aged between 18-50 years, regular sexual life and married. The Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale(ASEX), Short Form 36(SF-36), Body Cathexis Scale(BCS) and Beck Anxiety Inventory were used in the subjects. Patients with chronic illness, comorbid psychiatric, endocrine, alcohol or substance use disorder, drug use that could impair sexual function, pregnant, lactation, were not included in the study. Results: In ASEX, high scores were found in 44% of GAD patients and 17.5% of the control group in terms of SD. Sexual desire, arousal, lubrication, and orgasm scores of ASEX correlated with the body dissatisfaction in GAD patients. Physical function, general health status, mental health scores of SF-36 were found lower in the GAD group. Discussion: As a result of these findings, it can be suggested that sexual function, body image and quality of life are negatively affected in GAD patients and that deterioration of them should be questioned as well as symptomatic relief in patients' follow-up and treatment.

Personality traits and common psychiatric conditions in patients with seborrheic dermatitis

Abstract Background Seborrheic dermatitis is a skin disease in which psychological factors play a central role in its onset, exacerbation and remission. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate personality traits and common psychiatric conditions in patients with SD. Methods Outpatients who were admitted to the Bozok School of Medicine Department of Dermatology complaining of SD and who volunteered for study were included. Symptom Checklist 90 – Revised (SCL-90-R) and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire – Revised Short Form (EPQ-RSF) were administered before treatment to 50 patients who fulfilled the criteria for inclusion in the study. Results compiled from the 50 subjects were compared to a control group that was comprised of 50 healthy volunteers. Results Of the 50 patients that were included in the study, 25 were female and 25 were male. The Global Symptom Index (GSI; Z = -6.96, P < 0.001), Somatization (Z = -6.59, P < 0.001), Depression (Z = -7.11, P < 0.001), and Anxiety (Z = -6.64, P < 0.001) subscales of the SCL-90-R were evaluated. Statistically significantly higher scores were obtained from patients with SD in comparison with the control group on all of these subscales. In addition, the EPQ-RSF Neuroticism subscale was statistically significantly higher (Z = -4.99, P < 0.001) in patients with SD. Discussion Our results showed that common psychiatric conditions are considerably frequent in SD patients. More importantly, neurotic personality characteristics were much more frequent in these patients. These findings suggest SD to be a psychosomatic disorder that requires a multi-disciplinary approach.

Transseptal Suturing Reduce Patient Anxiety after Septoplasty Compared to Nasal Packing.

BACKGROUND: We measured postoperative anxiety in patients who underwent transseptal suturing or nasal packing after septoplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Transseptal suturing was performed on Group 1 patients and nasal splints with airway were placed after septoplasty in Group 2 patients. Postoperative 48-h anxiety levels of both groups were measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) clinical assessment scale, prior to removal of nasal packing in Group 2. RESULTS: Transseptal suturing was performed after septoplasty in 28 patients and nasal packing in 34 patients. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory clinical assessment state (STAI-S) and trait (STAI-T) instruments were used to measure postoperative anxiety. The STAI-S scores were found 35.00 in the transseptal suturing group and 43.8 in the nasal packing group; the difference was found significant (p < 0.05). The STAI-T scores were found 42.6 in the transseptal suturing group and 45.7 in the nasal packing group; the difference was not found significant (p > 0.05). The rate of minor hemorrhage was found 10.7% in Group 1 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Transseptal suturing is simple and reliable when performed after septoplasty. The technique is painless and comfortable, and reduces patient anxiety (compared to that associated with nasal packing) with only a minor increase in operating time and hemorrhage.

Health anxiety and depression in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate health anxiety and depressive symptoms in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). METHODS: Patients with FMS and healthy control subjects were recruited. All participants completed the Health Anxiety Inventory Short Form (HAI-SF) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Pain was assessed in patients with FMS using the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). RESULTS: This study involved 95 patients with FMS (15 male) and 95 healthy controls (17 male). Mean ± SD HAI-SF and BDI scores were significantly higher in patients with FMS = than in controls=. HAI-SF scores were 23.50 ± 10.78 and 9.38 ± 4.24 respectively; BDI scores were 18.64 ± 10.11 and 6.21 ± 4.05 respectively. There were highly significant correlations between FIQ and HAI-SF, FIQ and BDI, and HAI-SF and BDI. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with FMS had significantly higher HAI-SF and BDI scores than healthy controls. Psychiatric support is essential for patients with FMS. Treatment should include biological, psychological and social approaches.